How Google is helping to crack down on illegal fishing
– from space
Ulet Ifansasti, Getty Images
AUGUST 18: A fisherman unloads fish at a fishing village in Selat
Buton on August 18, 2016 in Natuna, Ranai, Indonesia.
September 15, 2016 at 10:24 pm
Illegal and unreported fishing is a multibillion-dollar
business around the globe, and one that has proven notoriously difficult to
combat. In part, that’s because it involves a constant stream of renegade
fishermen being pursued by countries that have only limited resources to carry
out a perpetual cat-and-mouse game on the high seas.
But a new satellite-based surveillance system powered by
Google, which will be publicly unveiled Thursday at a global oceans conference
at the State Department, aims to help alter that equation. Global Fishing
Watch, as it is called, is designed to act as an eye in the sky, constantly
scouring the globe in search of those illegally plundering the oceans. The
organizations that partnered to develop it, which include the marine-advocacy
group Oceana and West Virginia-based nonprofit SkyTruth, say the free platform
will help governments, journalists and everyday citizens monitor roughly 35,000
commercial fishing vessels nearly in real time.
“We will be able to see a lot of information about who
is fishing where,” said Jacqueline Savitz, vice president for U.S. oceans at
Oceana, adding that the platform will help “revolutionize the way the world
views commercial fishing.”
The technology uses public broadcast data from the
Automatic Identification System (AIS), which uses satellite and land-based
receivers to track the movement of ships over time. Not all fishing vessels
willingly broadcast their location, of course – particularly those intent on
breaking the law – and vessels can switch off their trackers, potentially
hindering the usefulness of the new technology. The United States and other
countries already require vessels of a certain size to use the locator system,
partly as a safety measure to avoid collisions at sea, and more countries are
beginning to follow suit. Global Fishing Watch allows users to access that
information to track specific vessels over time, going back to 2012.
Savitz said she believes the tool will have an array of
uses. Governments could use it to monitor and enforce fishing restrictions in
their waters. Journalists and the public can use it to search for suspicious
fishing activity, such as vessel that suddenly seems to disappear or one that
rarely comes to port, and to make sure officials are safeguarding marine
protected areas. Insurance companies can track the vessels they insure.
“We’re hoping it will be useful to a lot of different
sectors,” Savitz said.
The use of satellites to patrol environmental activities
both on land and at sea has grown steadily in recent years. Early last year,
the Pew Charitable Trusts launched a similar technology aimed at helping
authorities detect and respond to pirate fishing in the oceans. Known as
Project Eyes on the Seas, it was developed alongside a British company and uses
various satellite tracking data to help track suspicious vessel movements of fishing
ships at sea.
“You can track anything in the world from anywhere in
the world,” SkyTruth’s president, John Amos, whose work has helped reshape
environmental watchdog efforts, told The Washington Post for a magazine story
in 2013.
Global Fishing Watch, which has been under development
for two years, has shown flickers of success. The government of the Pacific
island nation of Kiribati used it to document how a tuna-fishing vessel had
operated illegally inside the Phoenix Islands Protected Area, which had been
declared off-limits to commercial fishing in early 2015. The episode resulted
in a $1 million fine – a large sum for such a tiny government.
The new technology being unveiled Thursday is one piece
of a much broader international push to reduce overfishing in the oceans and
cut back in particular on illegal fishing, which can deplete fish populations,
harm local habitats and have serious economic consequences.
“The problem is just gigantic,” Secretary of State John
Kerry said in an interview this week with The Washington Post. ” A third of the
world’s fisheries are overfished, and the ones that aren’t overfished are at
max, with more and more demand. Half the world’s population, basically, relies
on protein from the ocean to survive. It’s an ecosystem that requires
sustainability to survive, and we’re not treating it in a sustainable fashion.”
Earlier this year, a first-of-its-kind international
treaty designed to help stop illegal fishing entered into force after being
ratified by dozens of countries. The accord, known as the Port State Measures
Agreement, is aimed at improving the ability to detect illegal fishing, stop
illegally caught fish from reaching ports and markets and sharing information
about illicit fishing vessels among nations.
Under the agreement, a country can deny ships suspected
of illegal fishing entry into port or refuse to let them offload fish or
refuel. Fishing vessels that want to enter a given port also must request
permission ahead of time, detail what fish they have on board and verify that
it was caught legally.
In addition, U.S. and international officials have been
coordinating on ways to better share information in an effort to detect and
halt illegal fishing around the globe, and to prosecute those involved.
Officials plan to release more specifics about those efforts at this week’s
“Our Ocean” conference.
At the same time, individual countries are taking their
own actions. Indonesia, for example, recently sank 60 boats that it had
impounded for illegally fishing in its waters, part of an aggressive campaign
to deter the practice and assert sovereignty over one of its key resources.
Kerry said both new technologies and more aggressive
efforts to fight the problem are essential, because demand for fish will
continue to increase as populations grow and massive numbers of people in
countries such as China and India escape poverty. For the oceans to continue to
provide food and livelihoods for billions of people each day, he said, the
world has to treat them like the fragile resource they are.
“We have to find a way to enforce [fishing laws]. We
have to find a way to monitor it. And that’s very difficult in vast oceans with
resources that are [limited],” Kerry said, adding, “We’re trying to create
accountability where there is very little. You can’t have impunity on this and
expect to win this battle.”
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